Genotype data and boll number and boll weight phenotypes of upland cotton

A collection of 60 upland cotton accessions, sourced from diverse geographical regions, were selected to serve as parental lines. Specifically, the first 30 varieties were designated as male parents, while varieties numbered 31 to 60 were utilized as female parents. The hybrid combinations were meticulously designed in Hainan during 2017. This systematic approach resulted in the production of 180 hybrid F1 progeny. In order to evaluate the performance of upland cotton under varied conditions, a total of 240 upland cotton accessions were cultivated in three distinct experimental settings. The seedling raising of these accessions commenced on 17 April 2018 and 2019 at the Wuhan Experimental Base of the Institute of Economic Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, followed by transplanting on 11 May. Furthermore, in 2019, a parallel planting was conducted at the Ezhou Experimental Base of the same institute, utilising direct seeding on 25 April. In all environments, a consistent randomised block design was implemented, featuring single-row plots, each with an area of 3.34 m2, and triplicate repetitions for each accession.In both 2018 and 2019, a comprehensive survey was conducted during the period surrounding 20 September to enumerate the total boll count in each plot. From the central portion of each row, a sample of 50 bolls that had fluffed normally was collected for further analysis. Subsequently, the average weight of this boll sample was calculated.