Molecular phylogeny of Austrofundulus Myers (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with revision of the genus and the description of four new species.

This dataset contains the digitized treatments in Plazi based on the original journal article Tomas Hrbek, Donald C. Taphorn, Jamie E. Thomerson (2005): Molecular phylogeny of Austrofundulus Myers (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), with revision of the genus and the description of four new species. Zootaxa 825: 1-39, URL: http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A65C9E57-187D-4503-AD3A-E7E4135A77BFABSTRACTPhylogenetic analysis of 13 mitochondrial DNA genes of Austrofundulus Myers 1932 indicates that as presently recognized, A. limnaeus is composed of several populations with monophyletic haplotype lineages, which together are paraphyletic with respected to A. transilis. These populations were previously united based on shared plesiomorphic morphometric characters. Austrofundulus myersi is removed from synonymy; four new species: A. rupununi, A. leohoignei, A. guajira, and A. leoni are described; and A. limnaeus is restricted to populations along the eastern side of Lake Maracaibo. In contrast, populations of A. transilis from the Rio Apure Llanos and the lower Rio Unare basin show little divergence. The proposed phylogeny: (A. myersi (A. leoni (A. limnaeus (A. guajira (A. leohoignei (A. rupununi (A. transilis ))))))) is strongly supported by high bootstrap values and Bremer decay indexes, and unique length variations in the 12S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene. The distributions and the relationships of the newly erected species are concordant with the geological history of northern South America.Un analisis filogenetico de 13 genes del ADN mitocondrial de Austrofundulus muestra que como actualmente este configurada, la especie Austrofundulus limnaeus es parafiletica, y consiste de varias linajes monofileticas que estuvieron unidas en base de caracteristicas morfometricas plesiomorficas que comparten. Se remueve Austrofundulus myersi de la sinonimia de A. limnaeus, se describen cuatro especies nuevas: A. rupununi, A. leohoignei, A. guajira y A. leoni, y se restringe A. limnaeus a las poblaciones del lado este del Lago de Maracaibo. Muy distinta la situacion de las diferentes poblaciones de A. transilis de las cuencas del Rio Apure y Unare, que muestra poca divergencia genetica. La filogenia propuesta es: (A. myersi (A. leoni (A. limnaeus (A. guajira (A. leohoignei (A. rupununi (A. transilis ))))))) se apoya fuertemente por los altos valores bootstrap y los indices Bremer de descomposicion y por variaciones unicas en la longitud del gen 12S de la ribosoma de RDN (rRDN). Las distribuciones zoogeograficas y las relaciones filogeneticas de las especies nuevas descritas concuerdan bien con la historia geologica del norte de Sudamerica.Key words: Austrofundulus sp. complex, Andean Orogeny, PCR, mtDNA, speciation, molecular phylogeny