Darutigenol alleviates ulcerative colitis via promoting Akkermansia muciniphila-mediated proline synthesis

To identify the critical gut microbial species and microbial metabolites associated with the UC-protective effects of DL, we assessed its microbiota-dependent anti-UC effects through 16S rRNA sequencing, antibiotic treatment, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Metabolomics and transcriptional analyses, as well as targeted gavage of specific bacteria and metabolites, were conducted to explore how DL regulates the gut microbiota to mitigate UC severity