Human myelinated brain organoids with integrated microglia as a model for myelin repair and remyelinating therapies

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are essential for the formation of myelin sheaths and pivotal for maintaining axonal integrity and conduction. Disruption of these cells and the myelin sheaths they produce is a hallmark of demyelinating conditions like Multiple Sclerosis or resulting from certain drug side effects, leading to profound neurological impairments. In this study, we created a human brain organoid comprising neurons, astrocytes, and myelinating oligodendrocytes. By integrating iPSC-derived microglia, we endowed the brain assembloid with immune characteristics. Our model enabled the investigation of demyelination and remyelination - a process in which myelin sheaths are regenerated - in a human context. Here, we provide a DIA proteomics dataset of two timepoints from human brain organoid samples comprising neurons, astrocytes, and myelinating oligodendrocytes. The dataset includes the cytosolic and nuclear fractions and biological re..., , # Human myelinated brain organoids with integrated microglia as a model for myelin repair and remyelinating therapies Dryad DOI: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6m905qgcm Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are essential for the formation of myelin sheaths and pivotal for maintaining axonal integrity and conduction. Disruption of these cells and the myelin sheaths they produce is a hallmark of demyelinating conditions like Multiple Sclerosis or resulting from certain drug side effects, leading to profound neurological impairments. In this study, we created a human brain organoid comprising neurons, astrocytes, and myelinating oligodendrocytes. By integrating iPSC-derived microglia, we endowed the brain assembloid with immune characteristics. Our model enabled the investigation of demyelination and remyelination - a process in which myelin sheaths are regenerated - in a human context. Our findings reveal that the integrated microglia were active p...,