INFECTIOUS UROLITHIASIS: CARBAPATITE STONE FORMATION AND THE ROLE OF UREASE-PRODUCING BACTERIA IN ALKALINE URINE

Key takeaways: § Carbapatite stones are calcium phosphate stones linked to urinary tract infections (UTIs). § They form in alkaline urine, often due to urease-producing bacteria like Proteus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. § Infection drives both the initiation and persistence of stone formation. § Recognizing this infection-stone link is crucial for prevention, diagnosis, and targeted treatment, especially in patients with recurrent UTIs or urinary tract abnormalities