The effect of temporal changes in stamen position on reproductive success in flowers with many stamens: experimental manipulations of stamen position

Premise of the study: Male and female reproductive success is enhanced (increased outcrossing and seed production) by stamen movement in species that have few stamens per flower. Does such enhancement also occur in species that have many stamens per flower?
Methods: We examined the effects of stamen movement on male and female reproductive success in Anemone flaccida, which has many stamens per flower. We measured stamen movement, including temporal changes in anther-stigma and anther-anther distances. We controlled stamen movement experimentally.
Key results: The anthers moved horizontally away from the stigmas with increasing flower age, resulting in reduction in female-male interference. The dehisced anthers tended to move further away from the stigmas while the undehisced or dehiscing anthers remained nearer to them. The number of anthers touched per flower visit was higher in flowers whose stamens were fixed in the pre-movement position than in flowers whose stamens were fixed in t..., ,