Modelling and improving liquid behaviors in an ironmaking BF operated with different burden compositions

This thesis advances a 3D blast furnace model to investigate liquid flow behavior and its effects on ironmaking performance. Key developments include the integration of slag viscosity, coke size, and silicon and titanium-related reactions, with a focus on low-Si smelting and vanadium titanium magnetite (VTM) reduction. The model reveals how ore-dependent liquid properties and Ti(C,N) precipitation impact furnace stability, permeability, and gas utilization. Optimization of burden distribution strategies further enhances process efficiency. The findings offer mechanistic insights and practical guidance for stable, low-silicon, and high-efficiency operation under complex ore conditions.