A dataset from a long-term fertilization experiment in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

This dataset is derived from long-term fertilization experiments conducted at the Walaka experimental site on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, encompassing two complementary studies. The primary experiment, established in March 2000, includes five (NH₄)₂HPO₄ fertilization levels (F0–F120) with four replicates each, transitioning to recovery treatments (R0–R120) post-2015. A supplementary P addition experiment (2019–2022) with six P₂O₅ levels (P0–P10) and six replicates was added to assess N-related effects.  Sampling occurred in September 2010, 2021, and 2022, focusing on soil and vegetation responses. Key data include soil physicochemical properties, gross nitrification rates, gross mineralization rates, nitrous oxide emissions, and nitrifying microbial communities (e.g., AOA, AOB, CladeA, CladeB). Plant biomass (shoot and root) and nutrient concentrations were measured via quadrat sampling and drying. All data reflect responses to long-term fertilization and recovery dynamics, supporting analyses of nutrient cycling and microbial ecological processes in alpine meadows.