THE LINGUISTIC SYSTEM OF TROPES AND THEIR SEMANTIC AND AESTHETIC FUNCTIONS IN LITERARY TEXTS

This article investigates the linguistic system of tropes as a constitutive feature of literary language, examining the interplay between semantic transformation and aesthetic effect. Drawing on classical rhetoric, modern structural linguistics, and cognitive poetics, the study proposes a unified taxonomy of major tropic categories — metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony, hyperbole, litotes, and personification — while analyzing the mechanisms through which each category produces meaning beyond the literal. The paper argues that tropes are not mere ornamental devices but fundamental cognitive and communicative instruments that reshape conceptual domains, create evaluative stances, and generate the affective resonance that distinguishes literary discourse from ordinary language. Close-reading analyses of representative passages from prose and poetry illustrate how semantic ambiguity, cross-domain mapping, and foregrounding function in tandem to produce aesthetic value. The article further explores the pragmatic dimension of tropes, addressing their dependence on contextual inference and reader competence. By integrating linguistic, cognitive, and literary-theoretical perspectives, the study aims to provide a comprehensive account of tropic function that is applicable to both stylistic analysis and literary pedagogy.