Pairwise species co-abundance interactions in the 6-month infant tongue microbiome identified by SPIEC-EASI and validated by Spearman’s rank correlation.

Species pairs showing significant co-abundance in SPIEC-EASI network analysis that were also supported by significant Spearman’s rank correlation (p ≤ 0.05). Interactions are ranked by inverse covariance coefficient (iCov) in descending order, where higher absolute values indicate stronger associations. node1 and node2: species pairs; iCov: inverse covariance coefficient from SPIEC-EASI; p-value: p-value from Spearman’s rank correlation. (XLSX)