ESCHERICHIA COLI PATHOGENIC STRAINS AND THEIR CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Escherichia coli is a diverse bacterial species that includes both commensal and pathogenic strains. While non-pathogenic strains play an essential role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, pathogenic variants are responsible for a wide range of clinical conditions, including gastrointestinal infections, urinary tract infections, neonatal meningitis, and sepsis. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains further complicates clinical management and public health strategies. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the clinical significance of pathogenic E. coli strains, focusing on their classification, virulence mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and treatment challenges. The study synthesizes current literature to highlight the global burden of E. coli-associated diseases and proposes evidence-based recommendations for improved clinical outcomes.