Comparisons of the MM-bone model outcomes under the condition of PMM = 0.055/day with experimental observations.

Note 1: Clinically, it is observed that serum OPG concentrations decrease at the early stage of MM disease [69], while it is recently suggested that serum OPG concentrations increase compared with healthy controls [88]. The exact reasons to cause the different observations are still not known. Possibly, OPG is produced by various skeletal and extra-skeletal tissues [90], leading to serum OPG concentrations do not reflect its availability in the bone microenvironment [88].Note 2: All the ratios of experiments are obtained by comparing with healthy controls, whereas all the ratios of simulations are obtained by comparing with steady state of the normal bone model.