Data from: Population genetics of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Prince Edward Island, Canada

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have experienced population declines across
their native range. Widespread stocking has been a population recovery
strategy, but there is a growing awareness that stocking may put genetic
integrity at risk. In Prince Edward Island, Canada, over 37 million salmon
have been stocked since 1880. This study used a panel of six
microsatellites and next-generation sequencing to evaluate the genetic
composition of 884 individuals from 20 rivers. Bayesian clustering methods
inferred groupings that were generally consistent with spatial
distribution of rivers. A cluster in northeastern PEI was the most
distinct, clustering separately across all methods. Distance between
rivers accounted for 25.8% of the variations, whereas stocking intensity
did not predict genetic variation. The genetic composition of the most
heavily stocked river changed over a few years, suggesting that wild
free-ranging fish could outcompete stocked fish. Currently, PEI has
multiple genetic stocks that are consistent with the post-glacial
biogeography rather than stocking history. Clarification of these
adaptations is required to guide the incorporation of genetics into
management strategies for the benefit of Atlantic salmon conservation.