<b>Asymmetric moral memory of third-party observers in online moral conflicts</b>

Asymmetric moral memory effect refers to howvictimsremember the event more clearly compared to perpetrators. This study examines the asymmetric moral memory effect in third-party observers of moral conflicts between doctors and patients. Two studies were conducted to investigate group-level moral memory biases without personal experience. Study 1 demonstrated the effect by asking participants to recall online moral conflict events. Study 2 confirmed the effect experimentally by manipulating the victim’s identity and assessing memory accuracy. Patient participants recalled more patient-as-victim conflicts, while doctor participants recalled moredoctor-as-victim conflicts. These findings contribute to moral psychology and online behavior literature, showing that moral memory biases occur at the group level, even without direct personal experience. The study highlights the influence of online environments on collective memory formation. These results can help develop accurate collective memories, foster intergroup understanding, and mitigate biased perceptions in the digital age.