R code for: Following regulation, imidacloprid persists and flupyradifurone increases in non-target wildlife

After regulation of pesticides, determination of their persistence in the environment is an important indicator of effectiveness of these measures. We quantified concentrations of two types of systemic insecticides: neonicotinoids (imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam) and butenolides (flupyradifurone), in off-crop non-target media of hummingbird cloacal fluid, honey bee (Apis mellifera) nectar and honey, and wildflowers before and after regulation of imidacloprid on highbush blueberries in Canada in April 2021. We found that mean total pesticide load increased in hummingbird cloacal fluid, nectar, and flower samples following imidacloprid regulation. On average, we did not find evidence of a decrease in imidacloprid concentrations after regulation. However, there were some decreases, some increases and other cases with no changes in imidacloprid levels depending on the specific media, time point of sampling and site type. At the same time, we found an ..., , , # R code for: Following regulation, imidacloprid persists and flupyradifurone increases in non-target wildlife

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.547d7wmfs](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.547d7wmfs)

## Data

This Supporting Information data file, Table S1, contains columns for Sample ID (unique identifier of samples with multiple analyte quantitations), species name, media type (CF = hummingbird cloacal fluid, Nectar = honey bee nectar, Flowers = flower heads, Honey = honey bee honey), collection year, imidacloprid regulation status (yes/no), analyte name (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, flupyradifurone, or thiamethoxam), result (in parts per billion, PPB), whether the quantitation was left-censored (i.e. below the detection limit), site number (see Supporting Figure S1 for map of sampling locations), spatiotemporal proximity to agriculture (reference site, agricultural site before the bloom drop, agricultural site after the bloom drop), and finally, the minimum dete...