The eleven outliers identified in the Lau Archipelago dataset.

Gene expression data have been presented as non-normalized (2-Ct*109) in all but the last two rows; this allows for the back-calculation of the raw threshold cycle (Ct) values so that the typical range of expression of each gene can be more easily assessed by interested individuals. The sample number fraction following the island name represents the number of outliers over the total number of samples for which a Mahalanobis distance could be calculated (rather than the number of samples analyzed from that site). Values representing aberrant levels for a particular response variable (i.e., that contributed to the heat map score) have been highlighted in bold. When there was a statistically significant difference (student’s t-test, p