红锥遗传改良与高效培育研究及应用

红锥是我国南方重要的珍贵乡土阔叶造林树种。该成果是由产学研结合、100多位科技人员历时23年紧紧围绕红锥造林成活率低、干形良莠不一、良种缺乏、成材周期长等重大难题联合攻关取得的一项森林培育学科珍贵阔叶树种领域的重大成果。以中国工程院院士尹伟伦教授为主任的鉴定委员会认为：成果在生长性状与材性变异的相关性、红锥干形和速生良种选育、嫩枝扦插促进根系发达与生长及《红锥丰产栽培技术规程》等方面研究有重大创新，处于国际同类研究领先水平。 1.成果开创了系统研究珍贵阔叶树种遗传改良与高效培育之先河，揭示了红锥遗传变异规律，选育出2个单产最高、干形好、平均增产41.40%、出材率提高10.8%的优良种源和10个平均增产50.44%、出材率提高21%的优良家系，收集保存了429份种质，建成了首个国家级红锥良种繁育基地和广西红锥良种培育中心。 2.采用常规育种与分子技术相结合的手段，揭示了红锥种源、家系遗传力以及遗传相关性的变化规律，首创确定7年作为早期选择的年龄，加快了良种选育进程 揭示了红锥生长性状与材性变异的相关性，确定20年作为培育中大径材的采伐年龄。 3.创建了以流水浸种、移苗剪根、种子横摆、菌根拌种、嫩枝扦插为核心的壮苗培育技术体系 首创提出了红锥采穗圃营建技术，阐明了扦插育苗根系发达和有效促进生长的机理，扦插生根率由70%提高到90.8%以上，造林成活率提高11.40% 3年生平均树高5.62m、平均胸径5.35cm，分别提高121.26%和56.43% 11年生优良种源丰产林材积13.519m3/亩，比对照增产50%以上，有效破解了造林成活率低和早期生长慢的难题。 4.制订了行业和地方标准2 项，优化了7种栽培模式，形成了系统的红锥丰产栽培技术体系，缩短中大径材培育周期10年以上。 5.申请受理发明专利13项，其中已授权2项 发表论文55篇。

Castanopsis hystrix is an important precious native broad-leaved afforestation tree species in southern China. This achievement is a major breakthrough in the field of forest cultivation for precious broad-leaved tree species, developed through 23 years of joint research by over 100 scientists and technicians via industry-university-research collaboration, targeting key challenges including low afforestation survival rate, inconsistent stem form, shortage of improved varieties, and long cultivation cycle of Castanopsis hystrix. The expert appraisal committee, chaired by Professor Yin Weilun, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, assessed that this achievement features major innovations in multiple aspects including the correlation between growth traits and wood property variation, breeding of Castanopsis hystrix for stem form and fast-growing improved varieties, promoting root development and growth via softwood cuttings, and the "Technical Regulations for High-Yield Cultivation of Castanopsis hystrix", reaching the leading international level in the corresponding research field.
1. This achievement pioneered systematic research on genetic improvement and efficient cultivation of precious broad-leaved tree species. It revealed the genetic variation rules of Castanopsis hystrix, and bred 2 superior provenances with the highest single yield, good stem form, 41.40% average yield increase and 10.8% higher timber outturn rate, as well as 10 superior families with 50.44% average yield increase and 21% higher timber outturn rate. A total of 429 germplasm resources were collected and preserved, and the first national-level Castanopsis hystrix improved variety breeding base and Guangxi Castanopsis hystrix improved variety cultivation center were established.
2. By combining conventional breeding and molecular biotechnology, this research revealed the variation patterns of provenance and family heritability as well as genetic correlation of Castanopsis hystrix, and for the first time determined 7 years as the optimal age for early selection, accelerating the breeding process of improved varieties. It also clarified the correlation between growth traits and wood property variation of Castanopsis hystrix, and set 20 years as the harvest age for medium and large diameter timber cultivation.
3. A technical system for strong seedling cultivation was established, with flowing water seed soaking, transplanting with root pruning, transverse seed sowing, mycorrhizal seed dressing, and softwood cutting as the core technologies. This research proposed for the first time the scion orchard establishment technology for Castanopsis hystrix, and clarified the mechanism underlying developed root system and effective growth promotion in cutting nursery stock. The cutting rooting rate was increased from 70% to over 90.8%, and the afforestation survival rate was improved by 11.40%. For 3-year-old stands, the average tree height reached 5.62 m and average diameter at breast height (DBH) reached 5.35 cm, increasing by 121.26% and 56.43% respectively. The timber volume of 11-year-old high-yield forest of superior provenances reached 13.519 m³ per mu, with a yield increase of over 50% compared with the control group, effectively solving the problems of low afforestation survival rate and slow early growth.
4. Two industry and local standards were formulated, 7 cultivation modes were optimized, and a systematic high-yield cultivation technical system for Castanopsis hystrix was established, shortening the cultivation cycle of medium and large diameter timber by more than 10 years.
5. Thirteen invention patent applications were filed and accepted, among which 2 have been granted; 55 academic papers have been published.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集总结了红锥（南方珍贵乡土阔叶造林树种）的遗传改良与高效培育研究成果，涵盖优良种源选育、壮苗培育技术、缩短成材周期等关键创新，旨在解决造林成活率低和生长慢的难题。数据集基于2015年的研究数据，于2019年汇交，属于植物学领域的公开科学数据。