Scales Measuring Agency and Communion

Based on the ideas of Bakan (1966) and Helgeson (2003) we devised Polish language scales measuring Agency (defined as focus on the self and own goals), Communion (focus on other people and interpersonal relations), Unmitigated Agency (excessive focus on the self with exclusion of communion), and Unmitigated Communion (excessive focus on others with exclusion of agency). We report three studies showing reliability and validity of the scales. Women show higher communion and unmitigated communion than men, while men show higher agency and unmitigated agency than women. All these differences are relatively small but they increase dramatically after unobtrusive priming masculinity in men and femininity in women. peerReviewed publishedVersion