The heterogeneous role of spatial configuration in shaping aboveground carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystems: Evidence from China

This dataset contains the multi-year mean values and temporal change rates of four landscape pattern indices—Number of Patches (NP), Mean Patch Area (MPA), Shape Index (SI), and Aggregation Index (AI)—together with two topographic variables (elevation and slope), for cropland, forest, and grassland ecosystems across China over the period 1990–2023.