Integrating serum pharmacochemistry with network pharmacology and pharmacological validation to elucidate the mechanism of KaiXinSan in treating insomnia

A rat insomnia model was established using p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Pharmacodynamic evaluation was performed via animal behavioral assessments, ELISA detection of biochemical indicators, and pathological tissue observation. The key mechanisms of KXS in treating insomnia were clarified through an integrated approach combining serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. These mechanisms were further validated by molecular docking, in vivo, and in vitro experiments.