Association of SUA (using rs6855911 from the SLC2A9 gene as instrument) with adiposity measures (dependent variable of interest) in the overall sample.

BMI = body mass index; SUA = serum uric acid; WC = waist circumference.The β(95%CI) represents the association of SUA with adiposity markers as tested by the conventional epidemiological method (ordinary least square [OLS]) and by the instrumental variable analysis in a two-stage least square (2 SLS) regression (so called Mendelian randomization approach whenever the instruments are genetic variants). Similar magnitude and direction of coefficients derived from both the OLS and 2 SLS regressions suggest a causal effect of exposure (in this case SUA) on the outcome of interest (in this case adiposity). Further, a P value2SLS aP value from the Durbin-Hausman test which compares the difference between estimates derived from the OLS and 2 SLS regressions.Results are expressed as standardized regression coefficient (β) along with 95% confidence interval (CI).Adjusted analysis controlled for age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and diuretic use.