Supplementary Material for Review.docx

<b>Background: </b>Considering the adverse effects of marketed drugs, we isolated and analyzed topical fish oil (FO) in this study for the first time and examined its effect on obesity. Topse, scientifically known as <i>Polynemus paradiseus</i>, is a common fish species found in the maritime environment of the West Bengal region.<b>Aim: </b>To explore the role of marine <i>P. paradiseus</i> FO in alleviating obesity-related metabolic disorders <i>in vivo</i> model.<b>Methods: </b>Twenty-four male albino BALB/c mice with a standard body weight of 18.2 ± 2.1 g were taken and randomly divided into four groups: control group (C), normal chow feeding; obese control (OC), high fat diet (HFD) feeding; Treatment I (T-I) and Treatment II (T-II) group received 20mg and 40mg crude oil /100 g body weight / day by gavage along with HFD. Here, we examined the effects of <i>P. paradiseus</i> oil on white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, lipid profiles, blood glucose, and adipokine expression levels in the OC group compared to the treated groups to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of FO.<b>Results: </b>Compared to the HFD-induced OC group, the treated obese mice group (T-I and T-II) showed a significant reduction in body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and serum lipid profiles following the application of FO. The FO-treated HFD-induced obese mice group showed a moderate reduction in obesity and inflammatory-related adipocytokines compared to the OC group.<b>Conclusion:</b><b> </b>Topse FO was enhanced with a large amount of essential fatty acids (FAs) and it might be administered as a dietary supplement to prevent obesity.