NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Tennessee River, Kentucky 20 Year Freshwater Mussel Stable Isotope Data

We present a timeline of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen stable isotope composition of ten unionid mussel shells across three species - Threeridge (Amblema plicata), Ebonyshell (Reginaia ebenus), and Pimpleback (Cyclonaias pustulosa) - collected live in 2011 from the Tennessee River near Paducah, Kentucky, USA. Inorganic aragonite d18O profiles were compared to a predicted shell d18O time series that was based on water temperature and isotopic composition. Shell growth was assumed to stop below ~12C. Profiles of inorganic d18O and d13C were then used to establish relationships between shell growth and calendar dates. Because shell growth is faster during warmer months and therefore easy to sample, assignment of calendar years to individual growth increments was validated using the interannual changes in the predicted minimum d18O value of summer shell. Mussel shell periostracum and carbonate-bound organic matter (CBOM) samples were then assigned calendar dates based on their location along shell growth axes and compared to measurements of d13C and d15N of suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) - the mussels' food source - during shell growth (1997-2006). Mussel shell periostracum and CBOM faithfully recorded seasonal variability in d15N and d13C values of SPOM, after accounting for the time difference between SPOM consumption and deposition of shell organics due to the gradual turnover of mantle tissue. This demonstrates that unionid shell geochemistry could be used to document changes in riverine environment, runoff, and nutrient cycles across a spectrum of time scales, from historical to archaeological to Quaternary.