Supplementary Material for: Molecular Characteristics of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas with High-Grade Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PanIN) Are Different from Those without High-Grade PanIN

<b><i>Aims:</i></b> We reported that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) without high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) in the vicinity had worse prognoses than PDACs with high-grade PanIN. However, the molecular characteristics of PDACs with and without high-grade PanIN have not been compared. The aim of this study is to clarify the molecular characteristics of PDACs with and without high-grade PanIN. <b><i>Method and Results:</i></b> We reviewed all of a consecutive series of 100 patients with PDACs and divided them into 2 groups: the PDACs with PanIN-2 or PanIN-3 in the background (the PanIN-high group, <i>n</i> = 60) and the PDACs without PanIN-2 or PanIN-3 in the background (the PanIN-low group, <i>n</i> = 40). We evaluated the p53, p16, and SMAD4 expressions in the invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) components by immunohistochemical staining. <i>KRAS</i> mutation was also analyzed in 80 tumors. The PanIN-low group showed significantly more frequent “high p53 expression” and “loss of SMAD4 expression” than the PanIN-high group (<i>p</i> = 0.048 and <i>p</i> = 0.019, respectively). Loss of p16 expression was not significantly different between the groups. The rate of <i>KRAS</i> wild type was significantly higher in the PanIN-low group than the PanIN-high group (<i>p</i> = 0.024). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our results demonstrated that the molecular characteristics in the PDACs with high-grade PanIN were different from those in the PDACs without high-grade PanIN. PDACs without high-grade PanIN may develop via a pathway other than the PanIN-carcinoma sequence.