Human umbilical cord MSCs prime monocytes to recruit and activate eosinophils for enhanced host defence against Klebsiella pneumoniae

The global rise of antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) underscores an urgent need for novel preventive strategies. Although human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) exhibit immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties in preclinical model, their clinical efficacy remains limited. We hypothesized that early prophylactic hUC-MSCs administration in high-risk populations could prime the pulmonary immune microenvironment, conferring protection against KP infection. This study evaluated the efficacy and mechanisms of hUC-MSC-based prophylaxis in a murine KP lung infection model. Lung tissues were harvested from KP-infected mice with or without hUC-MSCs pretreatment at 24 hpi, and analyzed using RNA-seq.