Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriophages Against Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae

Bacteriophages were isolated from raw sewage sludge using Enterobacter cloacae MCC 2072 as the host bacterium. To enrich and purify lytic phages, multiple rounds of passaging were performed, followed by extraction of phage genomic DNA. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted to identify and characterize the phages, including analysis of genome architecture, taxonomic classification, and evaluation of lytic versus lysogenic potential. The isolated phages demonstrated strong lytic activity, indicating their potential application as therapeutic agents against antibiotic resistant E. cloacae.