<i>Gaeumannomyces nanograminis</i>, sp. nov., a hyphopodiate fungus identified from diseased roots of ultradwarf bermudagrass in the United States

The genus <i>Gaeumannomyces</i> (Magnaporthaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota) includes root-infecting pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes. Morphological, biological, and phylogenetic analyses were employed to identify fungal isolates derived from turfgrass roots colonized with ectotrophic, dark runner hyphae. Phylogenetic trees for partial sequences of the 18S nuc rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer, and 28S nuc rDNA regions and of the minichromosome maintenance complex 7 (<i>MCM7</i>), largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (<i>RPB1</i>), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<i>TEF1</i>) genes were obtained via maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our isolates consistently formed a distinct and highly supported clade within <i>Gaeumannomyces</i>. Common and distinctive biological and morphological characters reinforced these findings. Additionally, we conducted pathogenicity evaluations and demonstrated the ability of this fungus to colonize roots of ultradwarf bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (L.) Pers. × <i>C. transvaalensis</i> Burtt-Davey), its native host, via ectotrophic, dark runner hyphae, causing disease symptoms including root discoloration and reduced root and shoot mass. Altogether, our discoveries enabled recognition and description of a new species, <i>Gaeumannomyces nanograminis</i>, associated with rotted roots of ultradwarf bermudagrass.