Sea level reconstruction at global 945 tide gauges

Tide gauges observe sea level changes at coast. These observations provide important knowledge, for example, quantifying the rate of sea level rise and investigating the underlying mechanisms that control sea level variability. However, an apparent issue in those observations is that the records of tide gauges are often gappy, and sometime they could persist for even decades. To address this issue, we reconstructed complete sea level rise at global 945 tide gauges. Our reconstruction method relies on a data assimilation approach, which integrates sea level fingerprints and outputs from 35 climate models. The data assimilation approach enables physical interpolations and extrapolations. More importantly, by employing the 35 climate models, we obtain an ensemble of 35 sea level reconstructions at all tide gauges over 1900-2022. This ensemble reconstruction allows for statistical assessments, for instance, mean, standard deviation, and median. The dataset also includes raw records at tide gauges, and a reconstructed global mean sea level rise time series from 1900 to 2022, which are consistent with other sea level reconstructions.