Democracy Delivery Gap Index (DDGI) v0.2

The Democracy Delivery Gap Index (DDGI) quantifies the gap between a country's democratic quality and its public-service delivery capacity. DDGI = Democracy Quality Score (DQS) minus Delivery Capacity Score (DCS). Positive values indicate that democratic quality exceeds delivery capacity (typical of fragile electoral democracies); negative values indicate that delivery capacity exceeds democratic quality (typical of consolidated authoritarian states with functional bureaucracies). Version 0.2 covers 108 low- and middle-income countries, years 2010-2023, yielding 1,512 country-year observations. Data sources: V-Dem v16, World Development Indicators (WDI), and World Governance Indicators 2025.