A Theoretical and Technical Framework for Roboticized Mining and Hauling in Open-pit Mines

Roboticized mining in open-pit mines faces challenges such as insufficient data in complex environments, difficulties in testing under extreme working conditions, high risks in field trials, complexities in dynamic perception and modeling, and lengthy experimental cycles. To address these, a smart production model for robotic mining and hauling in open-pit mines based on “end-edge sensing and parallel control” has been proposed. By focusing on vehicle perception and control, shovel-vehicle collaboration, fleet scheduling, and engineering demonstrations, this model systematically addresses core scientific issues, including the mechanisms for efficient mining, high-precision holistic perception, stable and efficient collaborative control, and reliable group management. Through technological integration and process optimization, the large-scale operation of unmanned haul trucks with capacities exceeding 100 tons has been achieved. This forms the “double ten” (10 innovative technologies, 10 robotic mining standards), “double hundred” (100-vehicle demonstration, achieving 110% transportation efficiency compared to manned systems), and “double thousand” (monitoring platform for 1000 vehicles, 1000 hours of mean time between failures) Chinese solution, driving high-level intelligent development in China＇s open-pit coal mines. It strongly supports the national strategy for intelligent and green mining.