A city-year dataset of residual-based tail physical climate risk for Chinese cities, 1973 to 2024

This repository contains a city-year dataset of residual-based tail physical climate risk for Chinese cities from 1973 to 2024. The dataset is constructed from harmonized daily precipitation and temperature observations and is designed to capture persistent local exposure to abnormal weather tail realizations rather than raw counts of extreme weather days. For each city, daily weather series are de-trended and de-seasonalized using a specification with time trend, week fixed effects, and Fourier terms. Tail events are then identified from the residual series using city-specific lower-tail and upper-tail thresholds. The resulting indicators are aggregated to the annual city level and include lower-tail and upper-tail event frequencies for precipitation and temperature, difference-based tail imbalance measures, and composite indices for precipitation tail risk, temperature tail risk, and overall city-level tail physical climate risk. The repository includes the following files:(1) a city-year panel of annual tail physical climate risk measures;(2) a harmonized city-day weather panel;(3) a city identifier crosswalk;(4) a variable dictionary;(5) construction code; and(6) a README file. The final release contains 368 unique cities and 19,136 city-year observations. The harmonized city-day weather panel contains 6,981,696 city-day observations after identifier standardization and duplicate checks. The dataset can support research on climate finance, urban vulnerability, local adaptation, regional resilience, and firm-level exposure mapping.