NOAA/WDS Paleoclimatology - Lee-Thorp et al. 2001, Holmgren et al. 1999 South African Speleothem Stable Isotope Data
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A detailed climate proxy record based on d18O, d13C, and grey index of a well-dated stalagmite from Cold Air Cave in the Makapansgat Valley in north-eastern South Africa suggests that regional precipitation, temperatures, and vegetation oscillated markedly and rapidly over the last ~6500 years on centennial and multi-decadal scales. The mid-Holocene prior to 5200 years ago was humid and warm. A fundamental transition occurred 3200 years ago, leading to drier and cooler conditions that culminated at 1750 AD. Comparisons with ice core records suggest synchronous changes implicating rapid global teleconnections.
