Women’s Preconception Physical Activity and Nutrition Behaviours: Unpacking Enablers, Barriers, and Pathways to Behaviour Change

This thesis examines what helps and hinders women in being physically active and eating well before pregnancy. Drawing on existing research and surveys from several countries, it shows that women’s behaviours are shaped by a complex interaction of personal abilities, social relationships, cultural expectations, structural barriers, and wider gendered and policy environments. It was found that sustainable behaviour change requires multi-level action, including better knowledge, supportive environments, improved affordability and access, and addressing gendered norms. This thesis also advances the literature by introducing a Preconception Pathways Model to guide more equitable and effective preconception health initiatives.