Data for: Sow milk lipid profile indicates Moringa oleifera and conductive cooling via electronic pads reduce oxidative damage to milk lipids under heat stress environment

<p style="margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">The data provided here are lipidome data from sow colostrum, transition milk, and mature milk samples. We conducted exploratory multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling to profile lipids when sows were heat stressed, but cooled with electronic cooling pads, or supplemented with Moringa Oleifera. These data are presented and discussed in a manuscript submitted to Journal of Animal Science.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p style="margin-bottom:11px"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="font-family:Aptos,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Lipids encompass 50% of the kilocalories in milk, and are necessary for piglet growth and survival. Heat stress can cause oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxygen species that can damage lipids, which may lead to decreased piglet growth and development. Therefore, our study aimed to understand how the lipid profile of milk across different stages of lactation were impacted by cooling sows exposed to heat stress using electronic cooling pads or supplementing the diet with 4% Moringa Oleifera leaf powder, which is known for its antioxidant properties. Prior to the study, </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">all animal procedures and experimental design methods were reviewed and approved by the Purdue University Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol Number: 2110002202).</span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""> A 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was applied to Yorkshire x Landrace sows (n = 48). Sows were in one of the following treatment groups: heat stress + control diet (HS+CS), heat stress + Moringa diet (HS+M), electronic cooling pad + control diet (ECP +CS), or electronic cooling pad + M diet (ECP+M). The study started on day 100 of gestation to lactation day 21 with supplementation of Moringa beginning on day 100 of gestation and continuing through lactation day 21. Sows were moved to ECP on day 110 gestation as the ECP were only present in the farrowing house. The sows remained on the ECP until lactation day 21. On gestation day 110 when sows were moved to ECP, the temperature of the barn gradually increased from 26°C to 32°C from 0800 to 1100, and remained at 32°C until 1700, when it gradually declined to 26°C by 2000. This pattern, to simulate a summer day, was continued until lactation day 21. Across a sow’s 21-day lactation there are three distinct phases of milk: colostrum [day 0 (D0)], transition milk [day 3 [D3], and mature milk (day 14 (D14). Thus, within two hours after the start of parturition, colostrum (D0) was collected from the sow. Then, transition milk was collected on D3 and mature milk on D14 after oxytocin administration. Lipids were extracted using the Bligh and Dyer method, then lipid profile was analyzed using MRM profiling. Both ECP and Moringa supplementation influenced milk lipid profile. ECP increased the proportion of longer-chain triacylglycerol (TG), whereas Moringa supplementation increased the number of diacylglycerols with 25 carbons and 4 unsaturated bonds as well as fatty acids 26:11, 25:5, and 20:7 potentially indicating plant lipids that may function as antioxidants. Parity had the strongest effect on milk lipid profile. Primiparous sows had a greater distribution of shorter and longer chain TG compared to multiparous sows, which may be due to differences in fat synthesis-metabolism capacity or mammary gland development. </span></span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times="">Overall, this study provides a foundation for developing strategies that consider parity, supplementation, and environmental conditions to optimize milk composition and support sow heat stress resilience during lactation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>