Multi-omics analysis of gut liver axis reveals key microbial involved in inflammatory injury in malnutrition trail goat kids models

Global healthcare system has made considerable advancements in addressing malnutrition stemming from imbalances in nutrient substrates. However, the association between non-nutrient substrates deficient malnutrition and the inflammatory status alongside the underlying pathological mechanisms of the body remains elusive. To elucidate the pathogenic factors and mechanisms related to the intestine, we delved into the intricate interplay between the gut microbiota of low-weight goat kids and serum proinflammatory cytokines, antioxidant enzyme activity indicators, as well as the expression of genes in gut-liver axis inflammation, thereby pinpointing the pathogenic microbiota involved. Our investigation revealed significant increases in systemic inflammation coupled with a decline in antioxidant capacity among low-weight goat kids, an occurrence intricately linked to intestinal inflammation. The exaggerated intestinal response to inflammatory stimuli primarily manifests in colon as opposed to the jejunum. We established that the intestinal inflammatory milieu is significantly influenced by the distinctive microbiota composition of the colon, which is correlated with an upregulation of inflammatory gene expression and IL-6 emerged as a core inflammatory gene in the liver. Our study emphasized a substantial enrichment of Escherichia-Shigella, Campylobacter, and Alistipes within the colon of low-weight goat kids, further supported by correlation analyses affirming the association between the expression of genes linked to gut-liver axis inflammation and the abundance of pathogenic microbiota. These pathogenic microbiotas stand as a hallmark feature signifying the onset of inflammation within malnutrition. These findings provide a theoretical foundation and novel pathway for future interventions aimed at targeting pathogenic microbiota to reduce the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics.