TABLE 1 in Fossil wood from the lower Miocene of Myanmar (Natma Formation): palaeoenvironmental and biogeographic implications

TABLE 1. — Distribution of fossil taxa for the Natma Formation among extant tropical forests of the Indo-Burman region, according to their Nearest Living Relatives. Only the most convincing NLR have been taken into consideration. Symbols and abbreviations: ●, main environment; ○, alternative environment; 1, Tidal and coastal forests; 2, Moist evergreen and semi-evergreen forests; 3, Deciduous and seasonal forests; 4, Dry forests and savanna woodlands. The specimen of Cupressinoxylon is not used here, as not diagnostic of any particular environment.The specimen indet sp. 1 is shown as an indication of possible relative modern ecosystem because the possible related taxa are mostly found in ecosystems in adequacy with our other specimens.
Fossil speciesNLRModern ecosystems1234Forest typeCynometroxylon holdeniaeCynometra ramiflora / Cynometra polyandraTidal, back-mangrove, wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. In lowlands●○––up to 400-1300 mCynometroxylon parainaequifoliumCynometra inaequifolia / Cynometra polyandraTidal, back-mangrove, wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests. In lowlands●○––Coastal forestsup to 400-1300 mPahudioxylon bankurensisIntsia bijugaCoastal areas, along tidal rivers or at the dry back of mangroves. Also wet evergreen forest●●–○associated with Anisoptera. Up to 600 m.indet sp. 1Dipterocarpus / PrioriaWet evergreen forests, coastal forests, flooded and riparian forests, also in semi-evergeen●●○○?forest or savannahs. In lowlands.Dryobalanoxylon sp.Dryobalanops aromatica / D. oblongifoliaLowland mixed dipterocarp forests, in coastal areas in sandy or gravelly soils. Also in wetter●●○–soils. Up to 600 m.cf. KoompassioxylonKoompassia / Kalappia / MartiodendronMostly rainforest. Also in coastal forest, riparian forests or swamps. Rarely in savannas or dry○●–○forests. Up to 600 m.Koompassioxylon elegansKoompassia malaccensisMostly freshwater peat-swamps. Also dry lands. Up to 150 m (800 m in elevated areas)–●–○Burseroxylon sp.Canarium bengalense / Protium serratumWet evergreen and moist dipterocarp forests, mostly along rivers. Also in deciduous forests–●○–or monsonnal area. Up to 1300 m.Anisopteroxylon sp.Anisoptera costata / Anisoptera scaphulaMoist (not everwet) evergreen and semi- evergreen dipterocarp forests, along rivers,–●○–in seasonal forest and foothills. Up to 700 m.Dipterocarpoxylon cf. jammuenseDipterocarpusEvergreen, semi-evergeen tropical forest, mixed dipterocarps forests. Also in seasonal forests.–●○–Wet evergreen forestsIn lowland (rarely up to 1400 m).Dryobalanoxylon cf. javanenseDryobalanops keithii / D. oblongifoliaNear water (periodically inundated, streams, poorly-drained soils...), in mixed dipterocarps–●○–forests. Up to 600 m.Shoreoxylon cf. sumatraenseShorea negrosensisEvergreen, semi-evergreen and seasonal dipterocarp forests. In lowlands.–●○–Shoreoxylon cf. deomalienseShorea laevisMixed dipterocarp forests. On undulated lands and well-drained soils. Up to 700-1000 m.–●○–Artocarpoxylon kartikcherraensisArtocarpus lamellosus / Artocarpus chamaMixed dipterocarp evergreen forests, but also in semi-deciduous forests, moist deciduous–●○○or monsoonal area. Up to 1500-1800 m.Shoreoxylon sp. 2Shorea balangeran / Shorea laevisFrom well-drained soils to peat-swamp forests. Also in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests–●●–and hillsides. Up to 100(-1000)m.Albizinium eolebbekianumAlbizia lebbeck / Albizia ferrugineaWooded savannas, dry forests borders, semi- decidous. Also rainforests, riparian or○○●○periodically inundeted ofrests. Up to 1400 m.Pahudioxylon cf. bankurensisAfzelia africana / A. javanicaBoth present in humid evergreen and dry deciduous forests. Frequent in savannas. Up–○●○Seasonal andto 1400 m.dry forestsShoreoxylon sp. 1Shorea parvifolia /Deciduous dry dipterocarp forests and underShorea obtusamarked seasonal monsoon climates. Sometimes in moister forests or savannas.–○●●Up to 1000 m.