Financial Crisis Survey 2010, Second Round - Kazakhstan

Abstract
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This research was conducted in Kazakhstan in February-March 2010 as part of the second round of The Financial Crisis Survey. Data from 233 establishments from private nonagricultural formal sector was analyzed to quantify the effect of the 2008 global financial crisis on companies in Kazakhstan.

Researchers revisited establishments interviewed in Kazakhstan Enterprise Survey 2009. Efforts were made to contact all respondents of the baseline survey to determine which of the companies were still operating and which were not. From the information collected during telephone interviews, indicators were computed to measure the effects of the financial crisis on key elements of the private economy: sales, employment, finances, and expectations of the future.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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The primary sampling unit of the study was the establishment. An establishment is a physical location where business is carried out and where industrial operations take place or services are provided. A firm may be composed of one or more establishments. For example, a brewery may have several bottling plants and several establishments for distribution. For the purposes of this survey an establishment must make its own financial decisions and have its own financial statements separate from those of the firm. An establishment must also have its own management and control over its payroll.

Universe
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The manufacturing and services sectors were the primary business sectors of interest. This corresponded to firms classified with International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities (ISIC) codes 15-37, 45, 50-52, 55, 60-64, and 72 (ISIC Rev.3.1). Formal (registered) companies were targeted for interviews. Services firms included construction, retail, wholesale, hotels, restaurants, transport, storage, communications, and IT. Firms with 100% government ownership were excluded.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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544 establishments that participated in Kazakhstan Enterprise Survey 2009 were contacted for The Financial Crisis Survey.

The sample for Kazakhstan Enterprise Survey 2009 was selected using stratified random sampling. Three levels of stratification were used: industry, establishment size, and oblast (region).

Industry stratification was designed in the way that follows: the universe was stratified into 23 manufacturing industries, 2 services industries -retail and IT-, and one residual sector. Each sector had a target of 177 interviews.

Size stratification was defined following the standardized definition for the rollout: small (5 to 19 employees), medium (20 to 99 employees), and large (more than 99 employees). For stratification purposes, the number of employees was defined on the basis of reported permanent full-time workers. This seems to be an appropriate definition of the labor force since seasonal/casual/part-time employment is not a common practice, except in the sectors of construction and agriculture.

Regional stratification was defined in five regions. These regions are North, West, East, South, and Central.

Given the stratified design, sample frames containing a complete and updated list of establishments for the selected regions were required. Great efforts were made to obtain the best source for these listings. However, the quality of the sample frames was not optimal and, therefore, some adjustments were needed to correct for the presence of ineligible units. These adjustments are reflected in the weights computation.

For most countries covered in 2008-2009 BEEPS two sample frames were used. The first frame for Kazakhstan was a file of establishments obtained from the Agency of Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A copy of that frame was sent to the statistical team in London to select the establishments for interview. The second frame, supplied by the World Bank/EBRD, consisted of enterprises interviewed in BEEPS 2005. The clients required that the attempts should be made to re-interview establishments responding to the BEEPS 2005 survey where they were within the selected geographical regions and met eligibility criteria. That sample is referred to as the Panel.

The quality of the frame was assessed at the onset of the project. The frame proved to be useful though it showed positive rates of non-eligibility, repetition, non-existent units, etc. These problems are typical of establishment surveys, but given the impact these inaccuracies may have on the results, adjustments were needed when computing the appropriate weights for individual observations. The percentage of confirmed non-eligible units as a proportion of the total number of contacts to complete the survey was 36% (609 out of 1686 establishments).

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Telephone Interview [cati]

Research instrument
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The following survey instrument is available:
- Financial Crisis Survey Questionnaire

Cleaning operations
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Data entry and quality controls are implemented by the contractor and data is delivered to the World Bank in batches (typically 10%, 50% and 100%). These data deliveries are checked for logical consistency, out of range values, skip patterns, and duplicate entries. Problems are flagged by the World Bank and corrected by the implementing contractor through data checks and callbacks.

摘要
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本研究于2010年2月至3月在哈萨克斯坦进行，作为《金融危机调查》第二轮调查的一部分。对来自私营非农正式部门的233个机构的资料进行了分析，以量化2008年全球金融危机对哈萨克斯坦公司的影响。
研究人员回顾了2009年哈萨克斯坦企业调查中采访过的机构。努力联系所有基线调查的受访者，以确定哪些公司仍在运营，哪些公司已不再运营。通过电话访谈收集的信息，计算了指标，以衡量金融危机对私营经济关键要素（销售、就业、财务和未来预期）的影响。
地理覆盖范围
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全国
分析单位
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研究的主要抽样单位是机构。机构是进行商业活动和工业操作或提供服务的地方。一家公司可能由一个或多个机构组成。例如，一家啤酒厂可能有几个灌装厂和几个分销机构。在本调查中，机构必须能够独立做出财务决策，并拥有与公司分开的独立财务报表。机构还必须拥有自己的管理和对其工资单的控制。
总体
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制造业和服务业是主要关注的业务部门。这对应于被归类为国际标准产业分类（ISIC）代码15-37、45、50-52、55、60-64和72（ISIC Rev.3.1）的公司。目标对象为正式（注册）公司。服务公司包括建筑、零售、批发、酒店、餐饮、运输、仓储、通信和IT。排除100%政府所有权的公司。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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544个参与2009年哈萨克斯坦企业调查的机构被联系进行金融危机调查。
2009年哈萨克斯坦企业调查的样本采用分层随机抽样方法选取。使用了三个分层级别：行业、机构规模和地区。
行业分层的设计如下：总体被分为23个制造业、2个服务业（零售和IT）以及一个剩余部门。每个部门的目标是进行177次访谈。
规模分层根据标准化的推广定义来定义：小型（5至19名员工）、中型（20至99名员工）和大型（超过99名员工）。为了分层的需要，员工的数量根据报告的固定全职员工数量来定义。这似乎是对劳动力的一种适当的定义，因为季节性/临时/兼职就业在建筑和农业部门之外不是常见的做法。
地区分层被定义为五个地区。这些地区是北方、西方、东方、南方和中部。
鉴于分层设计，需要包含所选地区中所有机构完整且更新列表的样本框。为此付出了巨大的努力，以获得这些列表的最佳来源。然而，样本框的质量并不理想，因此需要进行一些调整，以纠正不合格单位的存在。这些调整反映在权重计算中。
对于2008-2009年BEEPS覆盖的大多数国家，使用了两个样本框。哈萨克斯坦的第一个框是从哈萨克斯坦共和国统计局获得的机构文件。该文件的副本被发送到伦敦的统计团队，以选择访谈的机构。第二个框由世界银行/EBRD提供，包括在BEEPS 2005中采访的企业。客户要求尝试重新访谈在所选地理区域内并符合资格标准的BEEPS 2005调查的机构。该样本被称为面板。
在项目开始时评估了框的质量。该框被证明是有用的，尽管它显示出非资格、重复、不存在的单位等正面的不合格率。这些问题是机构调查中典型的，但考虑到这些不准确可能对结果产生的影响，在计算单个观察值的适当权重时需要进行调整。确认的非合格单位百分比占总接触完成调查的单位总数的36%（609个机构中的1686个）。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助电话访谈 [cati]
研究工具
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以下调查工具可用：
- 金融危机调查问卷
数据清理操作
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数据录入和质量控制由承包商实施，数据以批量（通常为10%、50%和100%）的形式交付给世界银行。这些数据交付被检查逻辑一致性、超出范围的值、跳过模式和重复条目。问题由世界银行标记并由实施承包商通过数据检查和回电进行纠正。