Borrowed Youth: Demographic Change and Multinational Location Advantage

Borrowed Youth: Demographic Change and Multinational Location Advantage The comparison between Jaguar Land Rover's observed choice of Nitra and the Commission's assessment of Puebla without aid bounds Nitra's funded lead between zero and EUR91 million when the aid changes only cash and other site attributes remain fixed. This is distinct from the EUR106–226 million that all strategic advantages together had to cover. At exactly EUR10,000 of net contribution per additional staffed position-year, zero lead time and five-percent continuous discounting over twenty years, losing 720 sustained positions relative to Puebla exceeds the largest funded lead. This is a conditional staffing equivalent. The record reports no plant-specific recruitment valuation. A worked design comparison shows which host each manufacturer chooses at twelve, eighteen and twenty-seven years. The national investment panels bound associations with demographic exposure. Version 3.41.0 draws on the included Commission decision, Eurostat national age cells and previously deposited investment estimates. The two comparisons fix project scope and the feasible alternative. The staffing requirements are counterfactual appraisal quantities. The public record prices the strategic considerations collectively. The original reference distributions, joint tests and economic bounds are retained. The primary adjusted p-values are 0.513 and 0.212. The firm projection is on the zero-price boundary. The manuscript comprises 9,797 counted words, a 185-word abstract and 21 full substantive pages before references. The anonymous manuscript has 42 pages and the online appendix 151. The data and code reconstruct 1,979 files with 1,978 checksums. The manuscript, appendix, complete LaTeX source and editable tables are available here. Follow README.txt to restore the replication files. Licensed WRDS rows require subscriber access. Queries and aggregate outputs are supplied. Third-party rights apply. ChatGPT and Codex (OpenAI) were used in October 2026 for coding help, literature search, and red teaming and review. All figures were created using AI.