Supplementary Datasets for "Tracing crustal thickness evolution of the Rodinia’s peripheral orogens as recorded in the Yangtze Block, South China" submitted to Global and Planetary Change

The Tonian (ca. 1000–720 Ma) magmatic belts along the western and northern margins of the Yangtze Block represent critical components of the long-lived peripheral orogenic system of the Rodinia supercontinent. Reconstructing their crustal thickness evolution is essential for understanding Neoproterozoic paleotectonics and paleoenvironments. In this study, we integrate Eu/Eu*-in-zircon crustal thickness proxy with U-Pb-Hf-O isotopes from Late Tonian and Cryogenian strata to revisit Rodinia’s peripheral orogenesis as recorded in the Yangtze Block, South China. The results indicate the average orogenic crust may have thickened from ~40 to ~60 km during ca. 1000–920 Ma. Zircons of this age mainly present positive εHf(t) (+8.0–+11.1) and mantle-like δ18O (4.80–6.33 ‰) values. Combined with geologic observations, this thickening may result from both juvenile magmatic addition and crustal shortening. During ca. 850–750 Ma, a period of significant flare-ups of continental arc magmatism occurred, the crustal thickness fluctuated slightly and stabilized around 50 km. Zircons from this interval exhibit highly variable εHf(t) (-22.2–+10.2) and δ18O (1.6–10.6 ‰) values, reflecting active crustal recycling and mantle-crust differentiation. The maintenance of constant average crustal thickness during this interval is interpreted as reflecting spatial asynchrony and/or frequent temporal switching between advancing and retreating accretionary orogenies. Besides, our findings support that the Tonian peripheral orogens of Rodinia may represent a transitional phase in the evolution of both crustal thickness and geothermal gradients, bridging the subduction orogenic styles of the Mesoproterozoic and Phanerozoic eras.