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CSFV infection in pigs leads to hyperthermia, extensive haemorrhaging of the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs, and high mortality, which is a major threat to the global swine industry. The inflammatory response is an important immune response for host defence against pathogens, and immunosuppression is a typical feature of the acute phase of CSFV infection, which affects the initial host antiviral immunity.The epidemiological characteristics of latency and persistence of CSFV infection indicate that CSFV has developed an escape mechanism from the immune system during its long evolution. Here, we found that the immune suppression induced by CSFV infection is associated with the IL-17 signaling pathway. At the same time, IL-17 promotes persistent CSFV infection by reducing the occurrence of apoptosis after CSFV infection. Our findings provide insight into the relationship between CSFV proliferation and IL-17 and their mutual regulation, which provides a new perspective on CSFV infection and immune escape mechanisms.