An Emerging Threat to Honey Bees from the Parasitic Phorid Fly Apocephalus borealis

Pathogen detection microarrays analyzing honeybee samples taken after parasitization with a predatory fly, oligos correspond to specific pathogens or pathogen families of viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, and other parasites Samples were analyzed with the E-Predict analysis package. Honey bees parasitized with the phorid fly Apocephalus borealis were screened for viral and non-viral pathogens by microarray.