Nature conservation assessment and comparison of selected farmed and unmanaged alpine pastures in the Gesäuse National Park

As a characteristic and historical element, alpine pastures are closely intertwined with the development of the Austrian cultural landscape. They play an important role in many protected areas, both economically and ecologically. In the Gesäuse National Park, permanent observation areas were established on all alpine pastures in the period 2005-2007 and initial vegetation and soil surveys were carried out. About ten years later, first repeat recordings took place on selected farmed and unmanaged alpine pastures. The plant species composition and the biodiversity on the land were compared. Additional shots were made for a better illustration of the IST state of the alpine pastures. A plant sociological characterisation of the comparative surveys was carried out. In addition, ecological values (Ellenberg pointer values, fodder value and kick tolerance number) were calculated and compared. The nature conservation relevance was assessed on the basis of biodiversity indices (number of vascular plant species, Shannon index and Evenness). There was no significant change in floristic diversity in the same period. Tendencies are recognizable. The species composition has changed slightly on individual surfaces. There were also minor modifications in the management. In 2016, a total of 262 different vascular plant species were mapped on the 54 vegetation sites, including six rare species. The greatest biodiversity was found in Borst grass on pastures of farmed pastures and fat pastures, which are cultivated every few years. The biodiversity (number of vascular plant species and Shannon index) of unmanaged reception areas was significantly lower. From the point of view of nature conservation, the continuation of extensive, nature-friendly, site-adapted management in the Gesäuse National Park is recommended. Management recommendations have been drafted.