Overall age adjusted summary estimates of effect for the associations between childhood SEP and physical capability from random effects meta-analyses using ridit scores and comparing lowest with highest SEP stratified by age, method of ascertaining SEP and location.

† Mean difference in standard deviation score of grip strength; Mean difference in walking speed (m/s); Mean difference in natural log transformation of chair rise time (ln(s)); Odds ratio of inability to balance for 5 s for standing balance comparing lowest versus highest SEP based on ridit scores. ‡ p-values from Cochran's Q statistic. § The regression coefficients for chair rise time can be multiplied by 100 to represent percentage change in time [60] M: Male; F: Female. Note: These models include estimates from studies for father's occupation if available, childhood economic environment if not and father's education if neither other measure of childhood SEP available.