DataSheet_1_Advanced Diagnostic Technology of Volatile Organic Compounds Real Time analysis Analysis From Exhaled Breath of Gastric Cancer Patients Using Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.docx

BackgroundScreening endoscopy is considered to be the most accurate tool for early detection of gastric cancer, but it is both invasive and costly. It is therefore essential to develop cost-effective and non-invasive diagnostic tools for gastric cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with gastric cancer and to survey the usefulness of VOCs as screening tools of gastric cancer.MethodsThe present study was conducted prospectively to identify the relationship between gastric cancer and specific VOCs quantified by mass spectrometry. Exhaled breath samples from a total of 43 participants were analysed. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (KC16TISI0598), and registered to clinical research information service (KCT0004356).ResultsNine VOCs differed significantly between the control and cancer patient groups. When participants were divided into control, early gastric cancer (EGC), and advanced gastric cancer (AGC) groups, seven VOCs remained significantly different. Of these, four (propanal, aceticamide, isoprene and 1,3 propanediol) showed gradual increases as cancer advanced, from normal control to EGC to AGC. In receiver operating characteristic curves for these four VOCs, the area under the curve for gastric cancer prediction was highest (0.842) when more than two VOCs were present.ConclusionsThe present study offers potential directions for non-invasive gastric cancer screening, and may inspire advanced diagnostic technologies in the era of smart home healthcare. However, despite the high accuracy, cancer-specific VOCs from several studies on different populations, and analytic methods show inconsistency, it is necessary to establish standards for each analytical method, and to validate on each population.

背景筛查内窥镜被视为早期发现胃癌最为精确的工具，然而其侵入性和高昂的成本限制了其应用。因此，开发经济高效且非侵入性的胃癌诊断工具显得尤为迫切。本研究旨在探究与胃癌相关的特定挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的存在，并评估VOCs作为胃癌筛查工具的实用性。研究方法：本研究采用前瞻性研究方法，旨在通过质谱法量化分析胃癌与特定VOCs之间的关系，分析了共计43名参与者的呼出气体样本。该研究已获得韩国天主教大学医学院伦理审查委员会的批准（KC16TISI0598），并已在临床研究信息服务中进行注册（KCT0004356）。研究结果：在对照组与癌症患者组之间，有9种VOCs存在显著差异。当参与者被分为对照组、早期胃癌（EGC）和晚期胃癌（AGC）组时，仍有7种VOCs存在显著差异。其中，有4种（丙醛、乙酸酰胺、异戊二烯和1,3-丙二醇）随着癌症的发展而逐渐增加，从正常对照组到EGC，再到AGC。在这四种VOCs的接收者操作特征曲线中，当存在两个以上的VOCs时，用于胃癌预测的曲线下面积最高，为0.842。研究结论：本研究为非侵入性胃癌筛查提供了潜在的方向，并可能在智能家庭医疗保健时代激发先进诊断技术的创新。然而，尽管具有较高的准确性，来自不同人群和不同分析方法的癌症特异性VOCs的研究显示，分析方法的一致性不足，因此有必要为每种分析方法建立标准，并在每个群体中进行验证。