Agroforestry as a sustainable land-use strategy for soil conservation in the Atlantic Forest biome

Agricultural expansion combined with poor soil management can result in soil degradation, erosion, and nutrient depletion. Agroforestry systems (AFS) are sustainable alternatives that promote soil health, conserve biodiversity, and increase productive resilience. This study aimed to evaluate the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of soils under AFSs and forests (FOR) in Paraty, Rio de Janeiro, located in the Atlantic Forest biome.