Body fluids microbiome

Anatomically, the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas form a continuous luminal structure. Therefore, the microbiomes in the digestive juices of these organs may interact with each other. Because it is relatively easy to collect sample, microbiome analysis in saliva, gastric juice, and feces has been often performed from a lot of viewpoints. The intestinal microbiome has been analyzed and implied the associations between bacteria and not only colorectal cancer but also other wide variety of diseases. In addition, gastric juice microbiome has been conducted with clinical significance, suggesting the association with gastric cancer. However, it has been difficult to investigate the tissues or body fluid at further inner part in the human body such as bile and pancreatic juice due to the high invasiveness of the procedure related to sample collection.