Cell-specific non-canonical amino acid labelling identifies changes in the hippocampal de novo proteome during memory formation

The formation of spatial long-term memory (LTM) requires the de novo synthesis of distinct sets of proteins; however, a non-biased examination of the de novo proteome in this process is lacking. Here, we generated a novel mouse strain, which enables cell-type-specific labelling of newly synthesised proteins with non-canonical amino acids (NCAAs) by genetically restricting the expression of the mutant tRNA synthetase, NLL-MetRS. Combining this labelling technique with an accelerated version of the active place avoidance task, and bio-orthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) followed by SWATH quantitative mass spectrometry, we identified 156 proteins that were altered in synthesis in hippocampal neurons during spatial memory formation. In addition to observing increased synthesis of proteins important in known memory-related processes, such as glutamate receptor recycling, we also identified alter synthesised of proteins associated with mRNA splicing and stability as a potential mechanism involved in spatial LTM formation.