Impact of antibiotic administration route on chicken feces metagenome. feces metagenome

Antibiotic applications are essential for disease prevention and control, but have long been associated with the consequences of antibiotic resistance (AR), and in recent years, host gut microbiota dysbiosis. Original data from lab mouse studies on multiple antibiotics, coupled with reinterpretation of clinical evidences, however, suggested that oral administration of antibiotics and gut-impacting drugs, instead of the application of antibiotic itself, have been the direct and key drivers for massive gut microbiota dysbiosis and AR. However the practical relevance and impact of the knowledge breakthrough are yet to be illustrated in hosts nurtured in conventional environment. This study investigated the impact of antibiotic administration routes on poultry fecal microbiota in a teaching farm free of growth promotional use of antibiotics.