Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the study subjects.

All values are means ± SD for continuous parametric variables, median (interquartile range) for continuous nonparametric variables, or n (%) for categorical variables. Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score≤–2.5 at the lumbar spine or femur. BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG, fasting blood glucose.aCalculated by t-test, chi-square test, or Fisher’s exact test.bCalculated by Mann-Whitney U test.cLog-transformed before analysis.dn = 130.