Body temperature changes and microbiome in castration

To elucidate the relationship between castration-induced alterations in body temperature rhythms and gut microbiota composition in goats. By addressing this knowledge gap, we sought to clarify the physiological consequences of castration for thermoregulation and microbial ecology, and to provide insights into how interactions between heat production and the gut microbiota may support animal welfare and productivity, with potential indirect benefits for the sustainability of livestock production.